This tutorial provides Eurostat's domain managers with lists of terms that can be included in tables' and datasets' titles, in three languages.
Geographical items
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English
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French
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German
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Note
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| EU aggregates
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euro area
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zone euro
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Euroraum
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.
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| .
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EU, EA19 etc.
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EU, EA19
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EU, EA19
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in titles
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| .
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EU, EA-19 etc.
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EU, EA-19
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EU, EA-19
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in publications
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| .
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Member State(s)
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État(s) membre(s)
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Mitgliedstaat(en)
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.
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| Regions
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by NUTS 2 regions
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par région NUTS 2
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nach NUTS-2-Regionen
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.
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| .
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by metropolitan regions
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par région métropolitaine
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nach Metropolregionen
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.
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| .
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by urban-rural typology
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par typologie urbaine-rurale
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nach der Typologie städtischer/ländlicher Räume
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.
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| .
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by degree of urbanisation
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par degré d’urbanisation
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nach Verstädterungsgrad
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.
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| .
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at territorial level
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au niveau territorial
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auf Gebietsebene
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.
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Time items
| English
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French
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German
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| annual data
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données annuelles
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jährliche Daten
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| monthly data
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données mensuelles
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monatliche Daten
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| quarterly data
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données trimestrielles
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vierteljährliche Daten
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| daily data
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données journalières
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tägliche Daten
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| bi-annual data
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données semestrielles
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halbjährliche Daten
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| (from 2008 onwards)
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(à partir de 2008)
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(ab 2008)
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| (1998 - 2008)
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(1998 - 2008)
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(1998 - 2008)
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| (until 2008)
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(jusqu'en 2008)
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(bis 2008)
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| survey 2007
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enquête 2007
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Erhebung 2007
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Selected breakdowns
| English
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French
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German
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| by sex
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par sexe
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nach Geschlecht
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| by citizenship
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par nationalité
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nach Staatsangehörigkeit
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| by age
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par âge
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nach Alter
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| by age group
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par classe d'âge
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nach Altersgruppe
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| by size class
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par classe de taille
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nach Größenklasse
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| by country of birth
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par pays de naissance
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nach Geburtsland
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| per year
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par année
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pro Jahr
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NACE
| English
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French
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German
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| NACE Rev. 2 activity
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activité de la NACE Rév. 2
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NACE Rev. 2 Tätigkeit
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| NACE Rev. 1.1 activity
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activité de la NACE Rév. 1.1
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NACE Rev. 1.1 Tätigkeit
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| NACE Rev. 2 activity (C, D, E-G)
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activité de la NACE Rév. 2 (C, D, E-G)
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NACE Rev. 2 Tätigkeit (C, D, E-G)
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| NACE Rev. 2 activity (B-S except O)
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activité de la NACE Rév. 2 (B-S sauf O)
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NACE Rev. 2 Tätigkeit (B-S ohne O)
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COICOP
| English
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French
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German
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Note/usage
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| by COICOP consumption purpose
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par fonction de consommation COICOP
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nach COICOP Verwendungszweck
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No reference to COICOP level or digit should be indicated in titles, with the exception of datasets/tables that have the same titles and differ only for the COICOP level/digit.
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Units
People
| Type of concept
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English
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French
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German
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| General
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persons
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personnes
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Personen
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| Location
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inhabitants
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habitants
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Einwohner
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| Function
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ex: passengers, students, doctorates...
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ex: passagers, étudiants, doctorants...
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Beispiel: Passagiere, Studenten, Doktoranden...
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Shares
| Type of concept
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English
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French
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German
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Note /usage
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| Percentage
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%
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%
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%
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.
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| Percentage of sth.
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% of GDP
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% du PIB
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% des BIP
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do not write out in subtitles
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| .
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% of gross national income (GNI)
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% du revenu national brut (RNB)
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% des Bruttonationaleinkommen (BNE)
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use the abbreviation only if necessary (long titles)
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| .
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% of live births
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% des naissances vivantes
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% der Lebendgeburten
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.
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| .
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% of gross electricity consumption
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% de la consommation brute d'électricité
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% des Bruttostromverbrauchs
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.
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| .
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growth rate (%)
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taux de croissance (%)
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Wachstumsrate (%)
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to be used if reference period is clear
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| .
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percentage change
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variation en pourcentage
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Prozentveränderung
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.
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| .
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percentage change on previous year (%)
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variation par rapport à l'année précédente (%)
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Veränderung gegenüber dem Vorjahr (%)
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annual growth rate
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| .
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percentage change on previous quarter (%)
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variation par rapport au trimestre précédent (%)
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Veränderung gegenüber dem vorhergehenden Quartal (%)
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quarterly growth rate (Q/Q-1)
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| .
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percentage change compared to corresponding quarter of the previous year (%)
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variation comparée au trimestre correspondant de l'année précédente (%)
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Veränderung gegenüber dem Vorjahresquartal (%)
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Q/Q-4
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| .
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percentage change on previous month (%)
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variation par rapport au mois précédent (%)
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Veränderung gegenüber dem Vormonat (%)
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monthly growth rate (M/M-1)
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| .
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percentage change compared to corresponding month of the previous year (%)
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variation comparée au mois correspondant de l'année précédente (%)
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Veränderung gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat (%)
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M/M-12
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Ratio
| Type of concept
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English
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French
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German
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Note /usage
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| General
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per thousand persons
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par milliers de personnes
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Je Tausend Personen
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.
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| .
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per million inhabitants
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par million d'habitants
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Je Million Einwohner
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.
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| .
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inhabitants per km²
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habitants par km²
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Einwohner je km²
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.
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| Precise concept
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pupils per teacher
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élèves par enseignant
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Schüler pro Lehrer
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.
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| .
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EUR per litre
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EUR par litre
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EUR je Liter
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.
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| .
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oil equivalent in kg per thousand EUR of GDP
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équivalent pétrole en kg par milliers de EUR du PIB
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Ölequivalent in kg pro Tausend EUR des BIP
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.
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| .
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tonne of oil equivalent
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tonne d’équivalent pétrole
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Tonne Rohöleinheiten
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do not use abbreviations: toe (EN), tep (FR), tRÖE (DE)
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| .
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S80/S20 quintile ratio
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rapport interquintile S80/S20
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S80/S20 Verteilungsquintil
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ratio between top and lowest quintile
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Numbers
| Type of concept
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English
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French
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German
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Note /usage
|
| .
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thousand
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milliers
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Tausend
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the figure '1 000' should not be used
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| .
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millions
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millions
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Millionen
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use abbreviations only if necessary: m (EN), Mio (FR), Mio. (DE)
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| .
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billions
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milliards
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milliarden
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use abbreviations only if necessary: bn(EN), Mrd (FR), Mrd. (DE)
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Euro
| Type of concept
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English
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French
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German
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Note /usage
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| Euro
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EUR
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EUR
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EUR
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abbreviation for euro
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| .
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EUR/ECU
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EUR/ECU
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EUR/ECU
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.
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| Written out
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in euros
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en euros
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in Euro
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.
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| Numbers + EUR
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billion EUR
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milliards d'EUR
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Milliarden EUR
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use abbreviations only if necessary: bn EUR (EN), Mrd EUR (FR), Mrd. EUR (DE)
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| .
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million EUR
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millions d'EUR
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Millionen EUR
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use abbreviations only if necessary: m EUR (EN), Mio EUR (FR), Mio. EUR (DE)
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| .
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thousand EUR
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milliers d'EUR
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Tausend EUR
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.
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| EUR-equivalent
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purchasing power standards (PPS)
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standards de pouvoir d'achat (SPA)
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Kaufkraftstandards (KKS)
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use abbreviations only if necessary
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Other quantitative units
| Type of concept
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English
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French
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German
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Note /usage
|
| .
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thousand full-time employees
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milliers d'employés à temps plein
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Tausend Vollzeitbeschäftigte
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.
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| .
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million passenger-km
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millions de passagers-km
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Millionen Personen-km
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.
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| .
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tonnes live weight
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tonnes poids vif
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Tonnen Lebendgewicht
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.
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CO2
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CO2
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CO2
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Do not use subscript for '2'
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seasonally adjusted
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désaisonnalisés
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Saisonbereinigt
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write out
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| .
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not seasonaly adjusted
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non désaisonnalisés
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Nicht saisonbereinigt
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write out
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Index
| Type of concept
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English
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French
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German
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Note /usage
|
| .
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index
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indice
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Index
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.
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| Index with reference period
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index (EU = 100)
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indice (EU = 100)
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Index (EU = 100)
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in titles; blanks before and after '='
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| .
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index (EU = 100)
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indice (EU = 100)
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Index (EU = 100)
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in publications; blanks before and after '='
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Other items
General
| English
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French
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German
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Note/usage
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| GDP
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PIB
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BIP
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not mandatory to spell it out
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| OECD
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OCDE
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OECD
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not mandatory to spell it out
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| ESA 2010
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SEC 2010
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ESVG 2010
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specification of the version of the European System of Accounts should be at the end of the title, after an hyphen; not mandatory to spell out the acronym
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| ESA 95
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SEC 95
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ESVG 95
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specification of the version of the European System of Accounts should be at the end of the title, after an hyphen; not mandatory to spell out the acronym
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| (aggregated groups)
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(groupes agrégés)
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(zusammengefasste Gruppen)
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use brackets
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| Main indicators
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Indicateurs principaux
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Hauptindikatoren
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.
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Age and age classes
For all statistics referring to a specific age/age classes and with the AGE dimension not reported in the structure definition of the dataset, this information should be included in the title.
Recommendations
Two main cases have been identified:
- The observational unit to which the statistics refer is in the title
The age is inserted within parenthesis immediately after the observational unit as shown in the following examples:
- Wrong: Active population, aged 15-64 - annual averages
- Correct: Active population (aged 15 to 64) - annual averages
- Other examples:
- Long-term unemployment rate, % of active population (aged 15 to 74)
- Employed persons (aged 15 and over) by professional status
- The observational unit to which the statistics refer is not in the title
The age is inserted along the observational unit and within parenthesis, at the end of the title.
- Examples:
- At-risk-of-poverty rate by broad group of citizenship (population aged 18 and over)
- Transition of ability to make ends meet from childhood to current situation (population aged 25 to 59)
The age is always expressed as number.
Exceptions
In case of ambiguity (ex: for children, where the number may refer either to years or to months), the indication of the time period should also be reported.
- Example: At-risk-of poverty rate for children (aged 0 to 17 years) by citizenship of their parents
Multi-lingual definition/example
| Observation unit
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Example
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English
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French
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German
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Age group
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| Age < to a specific age
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< 18
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aged less than 18
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agé de moins de 18
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im Alter von unter 18
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0-17
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| Age within a specific range
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from 16 to 18, both included
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aged 16 to 18
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agé de 16 à 18
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im Alter von 16 bis 18
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16-18
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| Age ≥ to a specific age
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≥ 18
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aged 18 and over
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agé de 18 et plus
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im Alter von 18 und mehr
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18-…
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Educational attainment (ISCED)
| English
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French
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German
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Note/usage
|
| educational attainment level
|
niveau d'éducation atteint
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Bildungsabschluss
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No need to specify the ISCED version in the title
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Information society statistics (ISOC)
| English
|
French
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German
|
Note/usage
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| internet
|
internet
|
Internet
|
EN and FR: capital letter at the beginning of a sentence
|
| e-commerce,
e-government,
e-banking,
etc.
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commerce électronique,
administration en ligne,
banque en ligne,
etc.
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E-Commerce,
E-Government,
E-Banking,
etc.
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EN: 'e' capital at the beginning of a sentence; the letter following the '-' is always small. FR: French terms are used in place of English terms. DE: always capital letter for 'E' and after '-'.
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See also